Which statement best describes the disease model of addiction?

• A. Addiction is a moral failing
• B. Addiction is a chronic brain disease
• C. Addiction results from weak will
• D. Addiction is a social dysfunction

Answer: (B)

The main idea tested here is that addiction is a chronic brain disease. In this model, repeated drug use causes lasting changes in brain circuits that regulate pleasure, motivation, memory, stress, and self-control. These neurobiological changes help explain why people continue to seek and use drugs despite negative consequences and why relapse is common even after attempts to quit. Because the disease model emphasizes biology and medical factors, treatment tends to involve medical interventions when appropriate, along with behavioral therapies and ongoing care, rather than focusing on punishment or blaming the individual. This distinguishes it from views that frame addiction as a moral failing, a lack of willpower, or solely a social problem, which overlook the brain-level changes underlying the condition. The disease model also supports viewing recovery as a long-term process that may require ongoing support and relapse-prevention strategies.